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● A glue that holds the whole Internet together is the network layer protocol,（71). Unlike

● A glue that holds the whole Internet together is the network layer protocol,(71). Unlike most older network layer protocols, it was designed from the beginning with internetworking in mind. Its job is to provide a -(72) way to transport datagrams from source to destination, without regard to whether these machines are on the same network or whether there are other networks in between them.

Communication in the Internet works as follows. The (73)layer takes data streams and breaks them up into datagrams. Each datagram is transmitted through the Internet, possibly being fragmented into smaller units as it goes. When all the pieces finally get to the destination machine, they are reassembled by the

(74) layer into the original datagram. This datagram is then handed to the transport layer, which inserts it into the receiving process' input stream.

An IP datagram consists of a header part and a text part. The header has a (75) part and a variable length optional part.

(71) A. IP (Internet Protocol)

B. IP (Interworking Protocol)

C. TCP (Transport Control Protocol)

D. TCP (Transfer Communication Protocol)

(72) A. best-quality

B. quality-guaranteed

C. connection-oriented

D. best-efforts

(73) A. data link

B. transport

C. network

D. application

(74) A. data link

B. transport

C. network

D. application

(75) A. 40-byte fixed

B. 64-byte fixed

C. 20~64 bytes variable

D. 20-byte fixed

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更多“● A glue that holds the whole …”相关的问题

第1题

确信的；确实的（）

A.stick

B.sure

C.glue

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第2题

请选出句子“我不需要漆刷"的英文写法（）

A.I don't need paintbrush

B.I need paintbrush

C.I don't need glue

D.I need glue

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第3题

选出u发音不同的一项（）

A.tug

B.lue

C.glue

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第4题

Now which are the animals really to be pitied in captivity？ First, those clever beings who

se lively urge for activity can find no outlet behind the bars of the cage. This is most conspicuous, even for the uninitiated, in the case of animals which, when living in a free state, are accustomed to roaming about widely. Owing to this frustrated desire, foxes and wolves housed, in many old fashioned zoos, in cages which are far too small, are among the most pitiable of all caged animals.

Though pinioned swans generally seem happy, under proper care, by hatching and rearing their young without any trouble, at migration time things become different: they repeatedly swim to the lee side of the pond, in order to have the whole extent of its surface at their disposal, trying to take off. Again and again the grand preparations end in a pathetic flutter of their half wings; a truly sorry picture!

This, however, rarely awakens the pity of the zoo visitor, least of all when such an originally highly intelligent and mentally alert animal has deteriorated, in confinement, into a crazy idiot, a very caricature of its former self. Sentimental old ladies, the fanatical sponsors of the societies for Prevention of Cruelty to Animals, have no compunction in keeping a grey parrot in a relatively small cage or even chained to a perch. Together with the large corvines, the parrots are probably the only birds which suffer from that state of mind, common to prisoners, namely, boredom.

What is an "outlet" in the context of this passage？

A．An opportunity for expression.

B．A place to let.

C．A chance of escape into a wood.

D．An exit for a marketer.

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第5题

●Border Gateway Protocol（BGP) is inter-autonomous system （71) protocol. BGP is based on a

●Border Gateway Protocol(BGP) is inter-autonomous system (71) protocol. BGP is based on a routing method called path vector routing. Distance vector routing is not a good candidate for inter-autonomous system routing because there are occasions on which the route with the smallest (72) count is not the preferred route. For example, we may not want a packet through an not secure even though it is the shortest route. Also, distance vector routing is unstable due to the fact that the routers announce only the number of hop counts to the destination without actually defining the path that leads to that (73) ．A router that recevives a distance vector advertisement packet may be fooled if the shortest path is actually calculated through the receiving router itself. Link (74) routing is also not a good candidate for inter-autonomous system routing because an Internet is usually too big for this routing method. To use link state routing for the whole internet would require each routex to have a huge link state database. It would also take a long time for each router to calculate its rousting (75) using the Dijkstra algorism.

（71）

A. routing

B. switching

C. transmitting

D. receiving

(72)

A. path

B. hop `

C. route

D. packet

(73）

A. connection

B. window

C. source

D. destination

(74)

A. status

B. search

C. state

D. research

(75）

A. table

B. state

C. metric

D. cost

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第6题

听力原文：M: Mary, （19)you want to talk about your second essay, right？W: Yes, Dr. Richards

听力原文：M: Mary, (19)you want to talk about your second essay, right？

W: Yes, Dr. Richardson. I just need your comments on what I'm planning to do. (19)I'm doing the essay on the differences between TV news programs at different hours of the day.

M: How many times slots are you planning to consider？

W: Well, I think I'd look at all of them. That'd be five slots. The breakfast news, midmorning news. midday news. mid-afternoon news and evening news.

M: That's rather a lot. And you'd have too much to consider. (20)Why don't you just do two. Say the midmorning and then evening news. That should give you two contrasting approaches with two main audience compositions.

W: OK, just two then.

M: Yes, I think that would be much better. Now how many actual programs do you plan to work with？

W: What do you think of analyzing a whole week's news programs？

M: Well, that depends on how much of each program, if you concentrate on one particular type of news item, say the sports news or local items, it might be alright.

W: Yes. that would be a good idea. (21)I won't make a decision before I collect a sample of programs over a whole week. I'll look at them and see what items appear throughout the week.

M: Yes, that's a sound approach. (22)Now we’re getting close to the deadline. Can you finish it in time？

W: Yes, I think so. I've completed the reading and I know what my basic approach is, so it's really just a matter of pulling it all together now.

M: Fine, Mary. I'll look forward to reading it.

(23)

A．To discuss the second essay.

B．To get the comments on TV news.

C．To plan to join TV news programs.

D．To tell the difference of TV news.

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第7题

WWW is popular for its multimedia transmission and friendly（71). Although the speed of net

WWW is popular for its multimedia transmission and friendly(71). Although the speed of network has been improved considerably in recent years, the rapid(72)of using the Internet, the inherited character of delay in the network and the Request/Response working mode of WWW still make the Internet traffic very(73)and give no guarantee on the Quality of Service. Because HTTP has no states, the web server cannot know the users' demand and the users' requests cannot be predicted Taking advantage of a cache mechanism and the time locality of WWW accesses, the browser can preserve the documents ever accessed in the local machine. By this means, for the documents in the local cache, the browser does not need to send the requests to the remote server or to receive the whole responses from the remote one Pre-fetching uses the space locality of accesses First, the users' access requests are predicted according to the users' current request. Secondly, the expected pages are fetched into the local cache when the user is brow sing the current page. Finally, the users can access these pages downloaded from the local cache. And this can reduce the access delay to some degrees. Pre-fetching is one kind of active caches that can cache the pages which are still not requested by the user. The application of pre-fetching technology in the web can greatly reduce the waiting time after users have sent their requests. This paper brings forward an intelligent technique of web pre-fetching, which can speed up fetching web pages. In this technique, we use a simplified WWW data model to represent the data in the cache of web browser to mine the association rules. We store these rules in a knowledge base so as to(74)the user's actions. In the client sides, the agents are responsible for mining the users' interest and pre-fetching the web pages, which are based on the interest association repository. Therefore it is(75)for the users to speed up the browsing.

A．interactive

B．interaction

C．interactivity

D．infection

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第8题

Most of the pioneers of low-temperature physics expected gases to liquefy, but none of the

m predicted superconductivity. This phenomenon was discovered in 1911 by Onnes while he was studying frozen mercury.

More than 40 years passed before physicists were able to offer an explanation for superconductivity. The accepted theory, developed in the 1950s, holds that the fundamental behavior. of electrons changes at very low temperatures because of the effects of quantum mechanics. Electrons are tiny particles that make up the outer part of an atom, circling rapidly around the nucleus of the atom. In a regular conductor—a metal that conducts an electric current—the outermost electrons are not bound tightly to the atoms, and so they move around relatively freely. The flow of these electrons is an electric current.

At normal temperatures, a conductor's electrons cannot move completely freely through the metal because they are "bumped around" by the metal's atoms. But according to the leading theory of superconductivity, when a metal is very cold, electrons form. pairs. Then, like couples maneuvering on a crowded dance floor but never colliding, the paired electrons are able to move unimpeded through the metal. In pairing up, it seems, the electrons are able to "blend together" and move in unison without resistance. This explanation seems to account for superconductivity at extremely low temperatures, but in 1986 scientists in Switzerland found that some metal-containing ceramics are superconductors at much higher temperatures. By 1992, scientists had developed ceramics that become superconducting at - 297'F, and some researchers speculated that room-temperature superconductors may be possible. Scientists are still trying to formulate a theory for high-temperature superconductivity.

The new ceramic materials can be maintained at their superconducting temperatures, with relatively inexpensive liquid nitrogen rather than the much colder and much more costly liquid helium required by metal superconductors. The cost difference could make superconductivity practical for many new technologies. For example, magnetically levitated trains, which require superconducting electromagnets, would be much cheaper to build than they are now. Superconducting devices might also be used for advanced power transmission lines and in new types of compact, ultrafast computers. But for the time being, superconductivity is finding application mostly in scientific research and in some kinds of medical imaging devices.

The flow of an electric current in a regular conductor is made possible by the fact that______.

A．electrons circle rapidly around the atom

B．the outermost electron move relatively freely around the atom

C．the innermost electrons stick to the atom

D．the outermost electrons are bound tightly to the inner ones

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第9题

There was a time when, if a lady got onto a crowded bus or train, a gentleman would im

mediately stand up and offer her his seat. Today a gentleman will probably look out of the window or hide behind his newspaper. Either way, the lady will have to stand until someone gets off.

You can' t entirely blame men for this change in manners. The days are gone when women could be treated as the weaker sex. A whole generation of women has grown up demanding equality with men; not just equality in jobs or education, but in social attitudes. Hold a door open for some women and you're likely to get an angry lecture on treating women as inferiors, unable to open doors for themselves. Take a girl out for a meal and she'll probably insist on paying her share of the bill.

It' s no wonder, then, that men have given up some of the gestures of politeness and consideration which they used to show towards women. On the other hand, man' s politeness is perhaps slowly being replaced by true consideration for the needs and feelings of women, so that men can see women as equal human beings.

1.What is replacing men' s gestures of politeness？()

A.More graceful politeness towards women

B.More consideration for women' s needs and feelings

C.More equal treatment to women in every respect

D.More impolite gestures of social behavior. to women

2.What can we learn from this passage？()

A.Men ought to make gestures of politeness towards women

B.Women ought to make gestures of politeness towards men

C.Women have achieved equality with men

D.Men are beginning to treat women as equal human beings

3.Which of the following statements is true？()

A.Men have become less and less polite to women

B.The women are thought of as the weaker sex

C.The women could not open doors for themselves

D.Men' s attitudes towards women are reasonable

4.What do gentlemen now do when a lady gets on a crowded bus or train.()

A.They will stand up reluctantly

B.They will offer her their seats after a while

C.They will pretend not to see her

D.They will get off the bus

5.Why are some women likely to get angry as a man holds the door open for them？()

A.Because the man should not hold the door open

B.Because they think they are looked down upon

C.Because they are treated too politely

D.Because men often offend women in this manner

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第10题

Part ADirections: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by c

Part A

Directions: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. (40 points)

Menorca or Majorca？ It is that time of the year again. The brochures are piling up in travel agents while newspapers and magazines bulge with advice about where to go. But the traditional packaged holiday, a British innovation that provided many timid natives with their first experience of warm sand, is not what it was. Indeed, the industry is anxiously awaiting a High Court ruling to find out exactly what it now is.

Two things have changed the way Britons research and book their holidays: low-cost airlines and the Internet. Instead of buying a ready-made package consisting of a flight, hotel, car hire and assorted entertainment from a tour operator's brochure, it is now easy to put together a trip using an online travel agent like Expedia or Travelocity, which last July bought Lastminute. com for ￡ 577 million ($1 billion), or from the proliferating websites of airlines, hotels and car-rental firms.

This has led some to sound the death knell for high-street travel agents and tour operators. There have been upheavals and closures, but the traditional firms are starting to fight back, in part by moving more of their business online. First Choice Holidays, for instance, saw its pre-tax profit rise by 16% to ￡ 114 million ($195 million) in the year to the end of October. Although the overall number of holidays booked has fallen, the company is concentrating on more valuable long-haul and adventure trips. First Choice now sells more than half its trips directly, either via the Internet, over the telephone or from its own travel shops. It wants that to reach 75% within a few years.

Other tour operators are showing similar hustle. MyTravel managed to cut its loss by almost half in 2005. Thomas Cook and Thomson Holidays, now both German owned, are also bullish about the coming holiday season. Highstreet travel agents are having a tougher time, though, not least because many leading tour operations have cut the commissions they pay.

Some high-street travel agents are also learning to live with the Internet, helping people book complicated trips that they have researched online, providing advice and tacking on other services. This is seen as a growth area. But if an agent puts together separate flights and hotel accommodation, is that a package, too？

The Civil Aviation Authority (CAA) says it is and the agent should hold an Air Travel Organisers Licence, which provides financial guarantees to repatriate people and provide refunds. The scheme dates from the early 1970s, when some large British travel firms went bust, stranding customers on the Costas. Although such failures are less common these days, the CAA had to help out some 30,000 people last year. The Association of British Travel Agents went to the High Court in November to argue such bookings are not traditional packages and so do not require agents to acquire the costly licences. While the court decides, millions of Britons will happily click away buying online holidays, unaware of the difference.

Based on the first paragraph, the best title of the text could be______.

A．An annual holiday

B．A High Court ruling

C．A new package

D．A British innovation

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