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The Turing machine is an abstract（71)of computer execution and storage introduced in 1936

The Turing machine is an abstract(71)of computer execution and storage introduced in 1936 by Alan Turing to give a mathematically precise definition of(72). or 'mechanical procedure'. As such it is still widely used in theoretical computer science, especially in(73)theory and the theory of computation. The thesis that states that Turing machines indeed capture the informal notion of effective or mechanical method in logic and mathematics is known as Turing's thesis.

Every Turing machine computes a certain(74)partial function over the strings over its alphabet. In that sense it behaves like a computer with a fixed program. However, as Alan luring already described, we can encode the action table of every Turing machine in a string. Thus we might try to construct a Turing machine that expects on its tape a string describing an action table followed by a string describing the input tape, and then computes the tape that the encoded Turing machine would have computed. As Turing showed, such a luring machine is indeed possible and since it is able to simulate any other Turing machine it is called a(75)Turing machine.

A universal Turing machine is Turing complete. It can calculate any recursive function, decide any recursive language, and accept any recursively enumerable language. According to the Church-Turing thesis, the problems solvable by a universal Turing machine are exactly those problems solvable by an algorithm or an effective method of computation, for any reasonable definition of those terms.

A．implement

B．pattern

C．tool

D．model

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更多“The Turing machine is an abstr…”相关的问题

第1题

“请跟我来，我带你到自动售票机那里”翻译成英文()。

“请跟我来，我带你到自动售票机那里”翻译成英文（)。

A.Follow me please,I'll take you to the Ticket Vending Machine there!

B.You can recharge the SVT at the TVM. Please queue up!

C.The ticket is invalid. It is only valid on the day of purchase.

D.You may take line 1 to the BEIDAJIE ZHAN, and transfer to the line 2 to BEI KEZHAN.

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第2题

Warden Co plans to buy a new machine. The cost of the machine, payable immediately, is $80

0,000 and the machine has an expected life of five years. Additional investment in working capital of $90,000 will be required at the start of the first year of operation. At the end of five years, the machine will be sold for scrap, with the scrap value expected to be 5% of the initial purchase cost of the machine. The machine will not be replaced.

Production and sales from the new machine are expected to be 100,000 units per year. Each unit can be sold for $16 per unit and will incur variable costs of $11 per unit. Incremental fixed costs arising from the operation of the machine will be $160,000 per year.

Warden Co has an after-tax cost of capital of 11% which it uses as a discount rate in investment appraisal. The company pays profit tax one year in arrears at an annual rate of 30% per year. Capital allowances and inflation should be ignored.

Required:

(a) Calculate the net present value of investing in the new machine and advise whether the investment is financially acceptable. (7 marks)

(b) Calculate the internal rate of return of investing in the new machine and advise whether the investment is financially acceptable. (4 marks)

(c) (i) Explain briefly the meaning of the term ‘sensitivity analysis’ in the context of investment appraisal; (1 mark) (ii) Calculate the sensitivity of the investment in the new machine to a change in selling price and to a change in discount rate, and comment on your findings. (6 marks)

(d) Discuss the nature and causes of the problem of capital rationing in the context of investment appraisal, and explain how this problem can be overcome in reaching the optimal investment decision for a company. (7 marks)

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第3题

TURING套系场景体验中，（)发挥了全屋语音控制核心功效。

A.空调语音控制装置

B.小多联线控器

C.冰箱语音控制装置

D.洗衣机线控器

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第4题

When the system upon which a transport entity is running fails and subsequently restarts,

the(66)information of all active connections is lost. The affected connections become half-open, as the side that did not fail does not yet realize the problem.The still active side of a half-open connection can close the connection using a(67)timer. This timer measures the time the transport machine will continue to await an(68)of a transmitted segment after the segment has been retransmitted the maximum number of times. When the timer(69), the transport entity assumes that either the other transport entity or the intervening network has failed. As a result, the timer closes the connection, and signals an abnormal close to the TS user.In the event that a transport entity fails and quickly restarts, half-open connections can be terminated more quickly by the use of the RST segment. The failed side returns an RST i to every segment i that it receives. When the RST i reaches the other side, it must be checked for validity based on the(70)number i, as the RST could be in response to an old segment. If the reset is valid, the transport entity performs an abnormal termination.

A．data

B．state

C．signal

D．control

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第5题

when the system upon which a transport entity is running fails and subsequently reatarts，t

he（）information of all active connections is lost.the affected connections become half-open，as the side that did not fail does not yet realize the promble. The still active side of a half-open connections using a（）timer.this timer measures the time transport machine will continue to await an（）of a transmitted segment after the segment has been retransmitted the maximum number of times.when the timer（），the transport entity assumes that either the other transport entity or the intervening network has failed.as a result，the timer closes the connection，and signals an abnormal close to the TS user. In the event that a transport entity fails and quickly restart，half-open connections can be teminated more quickly by the use of the RST segment.the failed side returns an RST I to every segment I that it receives.when the RST I reaches the other side，it must be checked for validity dased on the （）number I，as the RST could be in response to an old segment .if the reset is valid，the transport entity performs an abnormal termination.

A.data B.state C.signal D.control A.give-up B.abandon C.quit D.connection A.reset B.acknowledgment C.sequence D.synchroizer A.stops B.restarts C.expires D.abandons A.sequence B.acknowledgment C.connection D.message

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第6题

目前世界上计算机的工作原理是（），它来源于（）提出的（）原理。

A．存储程序控制、冯·诺依曼、存储程序和程序控制

B．存储程序和程序控制、冯·诺依曼、程序设计

C．存储程序、Taring、程序控制

D．存储程序控制、Turing、程序设计

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第7题

There is a widespread belief that people who get on in life may be successful not beca

use they deserve it, but because of influential friends or the right background. Sometimes it may just be a comforting and harmless belief, while at the other extreme it can be very destructive. I once met a brilliant young engineer who worked in a chemical plant. Because of her knowledge and experience, she should have been promoted to Production Manager. Instead, the job went to a man who was totally unsuited for the post. Everyone knew that he only got it because he was politically acceptable to his superiors. This injustice demoralized the young engineer and many of her colleagues. It also meant that the factory was much less efficient than it could have been.All the same, we should not be pessimistic. More and more, the modern world depends on having people who are in the job because they are good enough, not just because their face fits. There is a story of a factory owner who sent for an engineer to see to a machine, which would not go. He examined it, then took out a hammer and tapped it, once. The machine started up immediately. When he presented his bill, the owner protested, "This can't be right! $100 just for tapping a machine with a hammer？" The engineer wrote out a new bill: "For tapping a machine, $1; for knowing where to tap it, $99."

1.It is believed that some people have succeeded in life because____.

A、they feel superior to others

B、they are both influential and powerful

C、they have some special advantages

D、they have a poor background

2.The engineer at the chemical plant was not promoted because____.

A、it is more difficult for a woman to get a promotion than for her male colleagues

B、her boss did not think she had the right qualifications for the job

C、the man who got his promotion was more experienced than she was

D、her bosses did not approve of her political views and opinions

3.The engineer who repaired the machine was right to charge $100 because____.

A、he was the only person who could find out what was wrong with it

B、the factory owner could not have repaired it himself

C、he hit the machine to get it started again

D、he was charging for his knowledge and expert skills

4.The author's attitude toward the widespread belief is____.

A、positive

B、negative

C、neutral

D、sympathetic

5.According to the passage, which of the following is NOT TRUE？____

A、Having influential friends or right background seems helpful sometimes.

B、The engineer had good reason to overcharge the factory owner.

C、Not all those who are good in their jobs have the chance to be promoted.

D、Those who are good in their job are still largely needed by the modern society.

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第8题

May be you have seen this in schools: some students are studying nearly all the time

but they just pass their exams, while some others may spend much less time on their books but do much better in exams. How could this happen？ People used to think that hard work is the only way to success. But now they have understood that smart work can make them succeed too. Hard workers don’t mind working for long hours, while smart workers always think of several different answers to these questions, such as “Why should I suffer this？ ” or “Isn’t there a way to do this？ ” Thanks to these people, we can use computers instead of the abacus now. progress in every field is the direct result of “trying to find a better way ” by smart workers. There was a large soap factory in Japan. Once it received an unusual letter from someone who complained that there was no soap in the soap in the soapbox he bought.How could empty soapboxes go out of the factory？ The engineers checked the producing and packing. The producing was fine, but in about ten thousand soapboxes, the packing machine let an empty soapbox go. There was no need to spend a lot of money repairing the machine for such a small problem. The engineer soon worked out a solution. He put a huge X-ray machine and two large computers to find out the empty soapboxes. After teaching the workers how to use it, he sat down in his seat, exhausted.

“Sir, we could have solved the problem in a much simpler and cheaper way, ” a worker sa id.

“Really？ How？”

“We can put a huge fan near the packing machine. The wind coming from the fan will blow away the empty boxes, leaving the other boxes with soap. ”

See, this is smart work. In order to succeed, we should not only work hard like the engineer, but also think smart like this worker.

1. Some students spend less time on school work but do better in exams because they study longer.

A: F

B: T

2.The passage mainly tells us we should work hard like the engineer and think smart like theworker.

A: T

B: F

3.The soap factory could only put a huge fan near the packing machine to solve problem in amuch simpler and cheaper way.

A: F

B: T

4.The underlined phrase “blow away”means “停止” in Chinese.

A: T

B: F

5.Someone wrote to the soap factory and complained that the soapbox he bought was terrible.

A: F

B: T

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第9题

A couple from Miami, Bill and Simone Butler, spent sixty-six days in a life-raft(救生

A couple from Miami, Bill and Simone Butler, spent sixty-six days in a life-raft（救生

艇) in the seas of Central America after their boat sank.Twenty-one days after they left Panama in their boat, Simony, they met some whales(鲸鱼). “They started to hit the side of the boat,” said Bill, “and then suddenly we heard water.” Two minutes later, the boat was sinking. They jumped into the life-raft and watched the boat go under the water. For twenty days they had tins of food, biscuits, and bottles of water. They also had a fishing-line and a machine to make salt water into drinking water — two things which saved their lives. They caught eight to ten fish a day and ate them raw(生的). Then the line broke. “So we had no more fish until something very strange happened. Some sharks(鲨鱼) came to feed, and the fish under the raft were afraid and came to the surface. I caught them with my hands.”About twenty ships passed them, but no one saw them. About twenty ships passed them, but no one saw them. After fifty days at sea their life-raft was beginning to break up. Then suddenly it was all over. A fishing boat saw them and picked them up. They couldn’t stand up. So the captain carried them onto his boat and took them to Costa Rica. Their two months at sea was over. During their days at sea, _______ saved their lives

A、tins of food and bottles of water

B、a fishing-line and a machine

C、whales and sharks

D、Twenty passing ships

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第10题

Moscow, Russia （Space news) ——"The computer is a better chess player, insisted Vi

Moscow, Russia (Space news) ——"The computer is a better chess player, insisted Viktor Prozorov, the loser. It seemed as if it were laughing after every good move. I know I should have beaten it for the sake of mankind (人类), but I just couldn't win", he announced and shook his head sadly. Prozorovs disappointment was shared by several grand masters who were present, some of whomwere so upset that they shouted at the machine. Many chess players said that this meant the end of chess championships (冠军) around the world, since the fun had been taken out of the game. The computer walked——or rather——rolled away with 5 000 dollars in prize money and limited its remarks to a set of noises and lights.

1.What was it that Prozorov felt most bitter (痛苦 ) about？ ()

A、That he didn''t win the $5 000

B、That he hadn''t tried his best

C、That he had lost to a machine

D、That this was the end of the chess game

2.Which of the following best gives the main idea of this newspaper article？ ()

A、5000 dollars goes to a computer!

B、New invention : a laughing computer!

C、World''s best chess player beaten!

D、Computer defeats man in chess!

3.How did some of the grand masters feel about the chess game between Prozorov and the computer？ ()

A、They thought that the game was not fun

B、They thought that the game wasn''t fair

C、They agreed that Prozorov didn''t play well

D、They were unhappy that the cProzoro didn''t play well

4.After wining the game, the computer ().

A、laughed

B、walked away

C、made some remarks

D、gave out some lights and sounds

5.Many chess players felt that playing with a computer would ().

A、make the game tougher

B、make the game less interesting

C、make man appear foolish

D、make man lose lots of money

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