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Starting from the （)of the purpose of pedagogy research, Hirst believes that education
A.refers
B.analysis
C.relationships
D.individuals
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C.relationships
D.individuals
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o synchronize MAC addresses of master/slave main boards to avoid serious results from inconsistent master/slave MAC addresses.
(), continues through college, and then leads to starting a family and having a (), the so-called () years. Recent trends show radical changes as young people are following a different (). They take breaks from school, live with friends and often () to living with their parents. (), they fall in and out of love, quit one job and try another or even () to a new career. So, we need to () this new stage, the odyssey years, which many now consider to be an unavoidable stage in reaching ().
During the requirements definition phase, the requirements definition team uses an iterative process to expand a broad statement of the system requirements into a complete and detailed specification of each function that the software must perform. and each (67) that it must meet. The starting point is usually a set of high-level requirements from the (68) that describe the project or problem.
In either case, the requirements definition team formulates an overall concept for the system and the defines (69) showing how the system will be operated, publishes the system and operation concept documents,and conducts a system concept review(SCR).
Following the SCR, the team derives (70) requirements for the system from the highlevel requirements and the system operations concept. Using structured or object-oriented analysis, the team specifies the software functions and algorithms needed to satisfy each detailed requirements.
A．function
B．definition
C．specification
D．statement
There are a number of factors, which determine the onset of smoking, and these are largely psychological and social. They include availability of cigarettes, curiosity, rebelliousness, appearing thought, anticipation of adulthood, social confidence, the example of parents and teachers, and smoking by friends and older brothers and sisters.
It should be much easier to prevent children from starting to smoke than to persuade adults to give up the habit once established, but in fact this has proved very difficult. The example set by people in authority, especially parents, health care workers, and teachers, is of prime importance. School roles should forbid smoking by children on the premises. This role has been introduced at Summerhill School where I spent my schooldays.
There is, however, a risk of children smoking just to rebel against the rules, and even in those schools which have tried to enforce no smoking by corporal punishment there is as much smoking as in other schools. Nevertheless, banning smoking is probably on balance beneficial. Teachers too should not smoke on school premises, at least not in front of children.
In this passage the author puts an emphasis on ______.
A．the effect of smoking among children
B．the difficulty in preventing children from smoking
C．the reasons why children start smoking among children
D．the measures to ban smoking among children
A new batch of young women—members of the so-called Millennial (千禧的) generation—has been entering the workforce for the past decade. At the starting line of their careers, they are better educated than their mothers and grandmothers had been—or than their young male counterparts are now. But when they look ahead, they see roadblocks to their success. They believe that women are paid less than men for doing the same job. They think it's easier for men to get top executive jobs than it is for them. And they assume that if and when they have children, it will be even harder for them to advance in their careers.
While the public sees greater workplace equality between men and women now than it did 20-30 years ago, most believe more change is needed. Among Millennial women, 75% say this country needs to continue making changes to achieve gender equality in the workplace, compared with 57% of Millennial men. Even so, relatively few young women (15%) say they have been discriminated against at work because of their gender.
As Millennial women come of age they share many of the same views and values about work as their male counterparts. They want jobs that provide security and flexibility, and they place relatively little importance on high pay. At the same time, however, young working women are less likely than men to aim at top management jobs: 34% say they're not interested in becoming a boss or top manager; only 24% of young men say the same. The gender gap on this question is even wider among working adults in their 30s and 40s, when many women face the trade-offs that go with work and motherhood.
These findings are based on a new Pew Research Center survey of 2,002 adults, including 810 Millennials (ages 18-32), conducted Oct. 7-27, 2013. The survey finds that, in spite of the dramatic gains women have made in educational attainment and labor force participation in recent decades, young women view this as a man's world—just as middle-aged and older women do.
86.What do we learn from the first paragraph about Millennial women starting their careers_______
A.They can get ahead only by striving harder.
B.They expect to succeed just like Millennial men.
C.They are generally quite optimistic about their future.
D.They are better educated than their male counterparts.
87.How do most Millennial women feel about their treatment in the workplace_____
A.They are the target of discrimination.
B.They find it satisfactory on the whole.
C.They think it needs further improving.
D.They find their complaints ignored.
88.What do Millennial women value most when coming of age_____
A.A sense of accomplishment.
B.Job stability and flebility.
C.Rewards and promotions.
D.Joy derived from work.
89.What are women in their 30s and 40s concerned about_____
A.The welfare of their children.
B.The narrowing of the gender gap.
C.The fulfillment of their dreams in life.
D.The balance between work and family.
90.What conclusion can be drawn about Millennial women from the 2013 survey_____
A.They still view this world as one dominated by males.
B.They account for half the workforce in the job market.
C.They see the world differently from older generations.
D.They do better in work than their male counterparts.
B：Yes，indeed．ID card is one of the most authoritative certificates issued by the government to show a person's status．It is very useful for a person who travels around the country．And I know that a driving license cannot be used to identify a person's status in China．
A：你说的对。和中国众多的人口相比，有驾照的还是少数。中国从1985年开始颁发身份证，到现在有八亿多居民拥有身份证。
B：ID cards are issued to the Chinese citizens aged 16 or above．Citizens who are below that age，if they want，can also apply．
A：生活中常会用到身份证。比如，坐飞机，住旅店，从邮局取包裹，登记交税，申请驾照，或是到了任何需要出示身份证的地方，都得用身份证。
B：After about 20 years since the issue of the first ID cards，the Ministry of Public Security decided to issue the second generation of ID cards starting from January this year．
A：新一代身份证技术含量高。和老卡不同，新卡可以机读。这是中国科学家多年研究的结果。
Steel has given that 20-hour figure when describing her“exhausting”process in the past:“I start thebook and don 't leave my desk until the first draft is finished.”She goes from bed，to desk，to bath，tobed，avoiding all contact aside from phone calls with her nine children."I don 't comb my hair for weeks,”she says.Meals are brought to her desk，where she types until her fingers swell and her nails bleed.The business news website Quartz held Steel up as an inspiration，writing that if only we all followedher“actually extremely liberating"example of industrious sleeplessness，we would be quick to see results.well，indeed.With research results showing the cumulative effects of sleep loss and its impact onproductivity，doubt has been voiced about the accuracy of Steel's self-assessment.Her output may beundeniable，but sceptics have suggested that she is guilty of erasing the role of ghostwriters (代笔人) atworst，gross exaggeration at best.
Steel says working 20 hours a day is “pretty brutal physically.”But is it even possible？“No,”saysMaryanne Taylor of the Sleep Works. While you could work that long，the impact on productivity wouldmake it hardly worthwhile. If Steel was routinely sleeping for four hours a night，she would be drasticallyunderestimating the negative impact，says Alison Gardiner，founder of the sleep improvement programmeSleepstation.“It's akin to being drunk.”
lt's possible that Steel is exaggerating the demands of her schedule. Self-imposed sleeplessness has“become a bit of a status symbol", says Taylor， a misguided measure to prove how powerful and productive you are.Margaret Thatcher was also said to get by on four hours a night，while the 130-hour work weeksendured by tech heads has been held up as key to their success.
That is starting to change with increased awareness of the importance of sleep for mental health.“People are starting to realise that sleep should not be something that you fit in between everything else,"says Taylor .
But it is possible—if statistically extremely unlikely—that Steel could be born a “short sleeper”withan unusual body clock，says sleep expert Dr. Sophie Bostock." It's probably present in fewer than 1% ofthe population.”
Even if Steel does happen to be among that tiny minority，says Bostock，it's “pretty irresponsible”tosuggest that 20-hour days are simply a question of discipline for the rest of us.
46. What do we learn from the passage about Glamour magazine readers？
A) They are intrigued by the exotic romance in Danielle Steel's novels.
B)They are amazed by the number of books written by Danielle Steel.
C)They are deeply impressed by Danielle Steel's daily work schedule.
D)They are highly motivated by Danielle Steel's unusual productivity.47. What did the business news website Quartz say about Danielle Steel？
A) She could serve as an example of industriousness.
B) She proved we could liberate ourselves from sleep.
C) She could be an inspiration to novelists all over the world.
D) She showed we could get all our work done without sleep.48. What do sceptics think of Danielle Steel's work schedule claims？
A) They are questionable.
CThey are irresistible.
B)They are alterable.
D)They are verifiablc.
49. What docs Maryanne Taylor think of self-imposed sleeplessness？
A) It may turn out to be key to a successful career.
B)It may be practiced only by certain tech heads.
C)It may symbolise one's importance and success.
D) It may well serve as a measure of self-discipline.
50. How does Dr. Sophic Bostock look at the 20-hour daily work schedule？
A)One should not adopt it without consulting a sleep expert.
B) The general public should not be encouraged to follow it.
C) One must be duly self-disciplined to adhere to it.
D) The majority must adjust their body clock for it.
In 1989,Melissa started Kids F.A.C.E.as an after-school club at her elementary school.The six-member group met each Monday to write letters and plan cleanup activities."We never thought it was anything more than a group of kids coming together so they could talk about the environment,"says Trish Poe,her mother.But then a letter from Milissa to the "Today" show got her club on television in 1990.When other kids heard about the club,they wrote asking how they could get involed.So Melissa,with the help of her mother,who today manages the Kids F.A.C.E.office as executive director,developed a membership book that instructed kids on environmental projects and how to start a club of their own."I felt like I had to write them all back at once because I didn't like what the president did to me.Because I didn't like being ignored...I didn't want the kids to have the same feeling,"says Melissa.Requests for information came from all over the nation.At first,Melissa's parents paid the postage and supply bills for the club,but soon expenses became too high.So the club found a sponsor,War-Mart Inc.,which began underwriting the bimonthly newsletter,Kids F.A.C.E.illustrated,which currently provides environmental updates,suggestions,and ideas to more than 2 million people world wide.
问题：How many people worldwide can have access to the club's bimonthly newsletter ___
A、1 million
B、2 million
C、3 million
D、4 million
More people wanted to join the club after________
A、a newspaper interview was made
B、enough letters were distributed
C、they heard about the club from a television show
D、Melissa became an executive director
When Melissa was starting the club,she was________
A、a school teacher working for the kids
B、a social worker taking care of children after school
C、the parent of a kid at school
D、a kid attending an elementary school
When Melissa first organized Kids F.A.C.E.,she meant to ()
A、have a writing club for the kids
B、ask the kids to clean the environment
C、give kids a chance to talk about the environment
D、have a national club
？Read the article below about changes in working hours.
？Choose the best sentence from the opposite page to fill in each of the gaps.
？For each gap 8-12, mark one letter (A-G) on your Answer Sheet.
？Do not use any letter more than once.
？There is an example at the beginning (0).
GETTING THE BEST FROM YOUR STAFF
Ed Smith, a senior manager for Trustco Ltd in Worcester, used to work a minimum of 70 hours a week. He travelled regularly between the UK and USA and began to feel he had become almost a stranger to his wife and his two young sons. Realising that he was putting himself under too much stress, he decided to try to change his working hours. This idea worked.
These days, he still goes to work very early but he also leaves early. He now sees his children before they go to bed and then does about an hour's work by computer from home in the evening, keeping in touch with American colleagues. (8) The key to Ed Smith's changing his hours was persuading his employer that he and other staff were more productive when they worked the hours that suited them. This is easier said than done, of course. (9) Many of them are slow to realise the benefits of letting employees work fewer or more flexible hours.
A recent survey of five thousand senior managers found that nearly half of them always worked more than their contract hours, while many worked evenings and weekends. A majority thought that this not only had a negative effect on their family relationships and their health, but also reduced their productivity. (10) It seems that it is job satisfaction that is the deciding factor when it comes to employee productivity.
However, the good news is that more employers are now starting to realise that they are only going to get higher output from their staff if those staff are happy and want to be at work. (11) His company have brought in changes partly for competitive reasons. The research and development part of the business employs highly trained scientists, who are expensive to replace. (12) The employees seem to be very happy with the new arrangements and, as a result, productivity rates have gradually but consistently increased and staff turnover rates have fallen dramatically. According to Ed Smith, many companies would benefit from a similar scheme, and everyone, from directors to employees' families, would have something to gain.
A. Ed Smith's new working hours are just one example of the attempt to alter corporate culture.
B. This adds to the increasing evidence that long hours are not necessarily useful hours.
C. They are often willing to accept that happy employees produce more.
D. He admits to feeling much happier, and believes he has established a balance between work and home life.
E. It can be difficult to persuade organisations that a change of this type is in their interest, too.
F. To keep them happy, 'trust time' has been introduced, where the company trusts employees to do what is required, in whatever time it takes.
G. Realising that he was putting himself under too much stress, he decided to try to change his working hours.
(8)
A major function of self-help networks is financial support. Most scholars agree that minority business owners have depended primarily on family funds and ethnic community resources for investment capital. Personal savings have been accumulated often through frugal living habits that require sacrifices by the entire family and are thus a product of long-term family financial behavior. Additional loans and gifts from relatives forthcoming because of group obligation rather than narrow investment calculation, have supplemented personal savings. Individual entrepreneurs do not necessarily rely on their kin because they cannot obtain financial backing from commercial resources. They may actually avoid banks because they assume that commercial institutions either cannot comprehend the special needs of minority enterprise or charge unreasonably high interest rates.
Within the larger ethnic community, rotating credit associations have been used to raise capital. These associations arc informal clubs of friends and other trusted members of the ethnic group who make regular contributions to a fund that is given to each contributor in rotation. One author estimates that 40 percent of New York Chinatown firms established during 1900-1950 utilized such associations as their initial source of capital. However, recent immigrants and third or fourth generations of older groups now employ rotating credit associations only occasionally to raise investment funds. Some groups like Black Americans, found other means of financial support for their entrepreneurial efforts. The first Black-operated banks were created in the late nineteenth century as depositories for dues collected from fraternal or lodge groups, which themselves had sprung from Black churches. Black banks made limited investments in other Black enterprises. Irish immigrants in American cities organized many building and loan associations to provide capital for home construction and purchase. They in turn, provided work for many Irish home-building contractor firms. Other ethnic and minority groups followed similar practices in founding ethnic-directed financial institutions.
Which of the following can be inferred from the passage about rotating credit associations？
A．They were developed exclusively by Chinese immigrants.
B．They accounted for a significant portion of the investment capital used by Chinese immigrants in blew York in the early twentieth century.
C．Third- generation members of an immigrant group who started businesses in the 1920's would have been unlikely to rely on them.
D．Recent immigrants still frequently turn to rotating credit associations instead of banks for investment capital.
