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When the prices of fuel go up increasingly．bunker adjustment factor can be charge
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阅读下面的句子，根据文章内容进行判断，正确写“T”错误写“F”
Accounting errors will happen from time to time, but many common accounting mistakes can be avoided with proper planning and preparation. Here are the top seven accounting mistakes that should be paid more attention to.
(1 )Not knowing your true cash balance: Due to things like automatic payments and bank charges, money that appears in your cash drawer and your checking account may already be spent.
(2)Mistaking profits for cash: When you have a lot of credit sales, your company can post big profits without seeing any cash.
(3)Paying bills too soon: If your vendors give you thirty days to pay them, take it. Unless you get a discount for paying early, paying your bills only when they’re due improves your company’s cash flow.
(4)Avoiding book -keeping tasks: Not recording and posting transactions regularly leaves you with a mountain of book-keeping to deal with in the end.
(5)Paying accidental dividends: Every time a corporation owner takes money out of his business, it counts as a dividend. That can lead to a bigger personal income-tax bill.
(6)Not keeping personal finances separate from business: Mixing up business and personal money can cause bookkeeping and legal problems.
(7)Setting prices too low: Know your costs before you set product or service prices, or you run the risk of losing money on every sale. A simple break-even analysis can help you set prices at a profitable level.
() 21. Accounting mistakes cannot be avoided.
() 22. With a lot of credit sales, your company may have no cash at hand.
() 23. It is recommended not to pay bills too soon.
() 24. Business money and personal money can be mixed up.
() 25. Try your best to know your costs before you set product or service prices.
A.breaks off
B.breaks down
C.breaks out
D.breaks up
A.Note that even when
B.inelastic prices
C.big-city orientations
D.executive's needs
A.FIFO.
B.LIFO.
C.Averag
D.Cost of goods sold will not chang
E.
A、As interest rate shocks increase in size.
B、As interest rate shocks decrease in size.
C、When maturity distributions of an FI's assets and liabilities are considered.
D、As inflation decreases.
E、When the leverage adjustment is incorporated.
According to this law, changes in the prices of goods cause change in supply and demand. An increase in the price of the goods causes an increase in supply-then number of goods the producers make. Producers will make more goods when they can get higher prices for the goods. The producer makes more shoes as the price of shoes goes up. At the same time, an increase in the price of the goods causes a decrease in demand—the number of goods the consumers buy. This is because people buy less when the price is high. People buy fewer shoes as the price of shoes goes up. Conversely, a decrease in the price causes an increase in demand (people buy more shoes) and a decrease in supply (producers make fewer shoes).
Business firms look at both supply and demand when they make decisions about price and production. They look for the equilibrium point where supply equals demand. At this point, the number of shoes produced is 3000 and the price of the shoes is $30. $30 is the equilibrium price: at this price the consumers will buy all of the 3000 shoes which the producers make. If the producers increase the price of the shoes, or if they produce more than 3000 shoes, the consumers will not buy all of the shoes. The producers will have a surplus(过剩)—more supply than demand—so they must decrease the price in order to sell all of the shoes. On the other hand, if they make fewer than 3000 shoes, there will be a shoes shortage —more demand than supply—and the price will go up.
According to the Law of Supply and Demand, the equilibrium price is the best price for the good. The consumers and the producers will agree on this price because it is the only price that helps them both equally.
Why does an increase in price cause an increase in supply？ ______
A．Consumers buy more goods when prices are high.
B．Producers make more goods when prices are high.
C．Producers want to sell all of their goods.
D．Consumers will not buy all of the goods.
Building a house costs quite a lot of money. Suppose you plan to build a house. Your first step will be to find a right piece of land. Your choice will depend on many different things. You will probably try to find a sunny place, with pleasant surroundings(环境)near shops and bus stops, not too far from your friends and the place where you work.
Next you will find a good builder, and together with the builder you will work out a plan. The builder will draw the plan. It will show the number of rooms, their position and size, and other parts, which must be noticed, such as windows, doors, and electric outlets.The builder will work out how much money is needed to build your house. He will work out the cost of the wood, bricks, the glass, and everything else that must be used in building the house. Later on, when he starts to build, this estimate(预算)must be corrected and revised(修订). His estimate is based on existing prices, but prices of such things may change, and many other things may happen between the time when he makes the estimate and the time when he builds the house.
When the builder gives his estimate, you may wish to change your plan. (You may also wish to change your builder, if his estimate is too high!) You may find that the house you wanted at first costs too much, or that you can spend a little more and add something to your plan. The builder's estimate depends on the plan, but the final plan depends on the builder's estimate.
21. The best title of this passage is().
A. Building a House Costs Much Money
B. Estimate Is Important
C. Planning a House
22. The first thing for a person to build a house is().
A. to get as much money as possible
B. to find a suitable piece of land
C. to work out a plan
23. The phrase”draw a plan”in this passage means().
A. making a picture of a building or a room
B. making a plan
C. working out a plan
24. When the builder starts to build a house, his estimate will have to be corrected and revised because().
A. it is wrongly worked out by a workman
B. the future owner of the house thinks the estimate is so high that he cannot afford the building
C. the prices of building materials and the expenses(费用)of labor may be different from the original prices and expenses
25. What is the relationship(关系)between the estimate and the plan？
A. The plan depends on the estimate.
B. The plan has nothing to do with the estimate.
C. The estimate and the plan depend on each other.
l indicator. Inflation is a period of increased 【C1】（） that causes rapid rises in prices. 【C2】（） . your money buys fewer goods so that you get 【C3】（） for the same amount of money as before, inflation is the problem. There is a general rise 【C4】（） the price of goods and services. Your money buys less. Sometimes people describe inflation as a 【C5】（） when "a dollar is not worth a dollar anymore." Inflation is a problem for all consumers.
People who live on a fixed income are hurt the 【C6】（） . Retired people, for instance, can not 【C7】（） on an increase in income as prices rise. Elderly people who do not work face serious problems in stretching their incomes to 【C8】（） their needs in time of inflation. Retirement income 【C9】（） any fixed income usually does not rise as fast as prices. Many retired people must cut their spending to 【C10】（） rising prices. In many cases they must stop 【C11】（） some necessary items, such as food and clothing. Even 【C12】（） working people whose incomes are going up, inflation can be a problem. The 【C13】（） of living goes up, too. People who work must have even more money to keep up their standard of living. Just buying the things they need costs more. When incomes do not keep 【C14】（） with rising prices, the standard of living goes down. People may be earning the same amount of money, but they are not living 【C15】（） because they are not able to buy as many goods and services. Government units gather information about prices in our economy and publish it as price indexes 【C16】（） the rate of change can be determined. A price index measures changes in prices using the price for a 【C17】（） year as the base. The base price is set 【C18】（） 100, and the other prices are reported as a 【C19】（） of the base price. A price index makes 【C20】（） possible to compare current prices of typical consumer goods, for example, with prices of the same goods in previous years.
1. A. spending B. demanding C. consuming D. saving
2. A. Because B. While C.Since D. When
3. A. much B. little C. more D. less
4. A. in B. on C. at D. to
5. A. chance B. time C. moment D. occasion
6. A. best B. least C. most D. worst
7. A. rely B. rest C. depend D. count
8. A. meet B. obtain C. care D. acquire
9. A. or B. and C. excluding D. including
10. A. live up to B. catch up on C. put up with D. keep up with
11. A. to buy B. buying C. having bought D. from buying
12. A. from B. to C. of D. if
13. A. price B. level C. cost D. limit
14. A. race B. pace C. speed D. step
15. A. as usual B. as well C. as before D. as such
16. A. in which B. from which C. of which D. by which
17. A. last B. given C. fixed D. definite
18. A. on B. by C. at D. against
19. A. portion B. percentage C. proportion D. fraction
20. A. it B. us C. one D. you
考虑一个竞争性市场，在不同的价格下，其需求量和供给量(每年)如下表所示:
(1)当价格为80美元和100美元时，分别计算需求的价格弹性。
(2)当价格为80美元和100美元时，分别计算供给的价格弹性。
(3)均衡价格和均衡数量是多少？
(4)假设政府制定了一个80美元的最高限价，该市场是否存在短缺？如果存在，短缺有多大？
Consider a competitive market for which the quantities demanded and supplied (per year) at various prices are given as follows:
a Calculate the price elasticity of demand when the price is $ 80 and when the price is $ 100.
b. Calculate the price elasticity of supply when the price is $ 80 and when the price is $ 100.
c. What are the equilibrium price and quantity？
d. Suppose the government sets a price ceiling of $80. Will there be a shortage, and if so,how large will it be？
此题为判断题(对，错)。
As an example of how this works, when facial tissues (面巾纸) were first put on the market in 1924, they were made in limited quantities and sold at 65 cents per box of 200. People liked these facial tissues immediately and began asking for them when they went into different stores. Because there was such a demand for the product, manufacturers began making tissues in larger quantities, their production costs were lowered, so that the cost of tissues went down. In the meanwhile, the quality of facial tissues was constantly improving, because more manufacturers went into the business of making tissues, and each manufacturer strove to make his product better than his competitors'. Today, instead of costing 65 cents, a box of 200 tissues costs around one-third of that price, and they are both softer and stronger.
When people are free to compete when they are free to make more things and make them better everyone benefits.
1、In regard to the production of goods in greater quantities, the author states that ________.
A.the price of the goods should drop
B.the quantity of the goods should improve
C.the quality should rise and the price should drop
D.the price and quality should both rise
2、 lt can be inferred from the example that___.
A.increased demand led to mass production
B.facial tissues attracted much attention when first put on the market for their low prices
C.better quality resulted from mass production
D.lower price resulted in lower quality of the facial tissues
3、Improved quality of facial tissues resulted from ________.
A.mass-production methods
B.popular demand or a better product
C.a degrease in production costs
D.competition among manufacturers
4、According to the passage we can see that lower prices and better quality occur ________.
A.as a result of the effect of one on the other
B.always at the same time
C.independently of each other
D.when the demand exceeds the supply
5、The author believes that in a nation where free enterprise (自由企业制) exists, manufacturers will produce ________.
A.as much as they like
B.better quality goods
C.more than they are able to sell
D.both A and B
