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更多“successful learners do not wai…”相关的问题
A.worth
B.worthwhile
C.successful
D.successive
A successful lawyer usually has to talk to several （） a day.
A.customers
B.candidates
C.interviewees
D.clients
I'm glad our negotiation() to a successful conclusion.
A．has come
B．coming
C．come
D．have come
A.Georgia
B.Massachusetts
C.Plymouth
D.Virginia
With hundreds of millions of electronic(71)taking place daily, businesses and organizations have a strong incentive to protect the(72)of the data exchanged in this manner, and to positively ensure the(73)of those involved in the transactions. This has led to an industry-wide quest for better, more secure methods for controlling IT operations, and for deploying strong security mechanisms deeply and broadly throughout networked infrastructures and client devices. One of the more successful concepts to engage the imaginations of the security community has been the development of standards-based security(74)that can be incorporated in the hardware design of client computers. The principle of encapsulating core security capabilities in(75)and integrating security provisions at the deepest levels of the machine operation has significant benefits for both users and those responsible for securing IT operations.
A．devices
B．transactions
C．communications
D．businesses
With hundreds of millions of electronic(161)taking place daily, businesses and organizations have a strong incentive to protect the(162)of the data exchanged in this manner, and to positively ensure the(163)of those involved in the transactions. This has led to an industry-wide quest for better, more secure methods for controlling IT operations, and for deploying strong security mechanisms deeply and broadly throughout networked infrastructures and client devices. One of the more successful concepts to engage the imaginations of the security community has been the development of standards-based security(164 )that can be incorporated in the hardware design of client computers. The principle of encapsulating core security capabilities in(165 )and integrating security provisions at the deepest levels of the machine operation has significant benefits for both users and those responsible for securing IT operations.
A．devices
B．transactions
C．communications
D．businesses
With hundreds of millions of electronic(66)taking place daily, businesses and organizations have a strong incentive to protect the(67)of the data exchanged in this manner, and to positively ensure the(68)of those involved in the transactions. This has led to an industry-wide quest for better, more secure methods for controlling IT operations, and for deploying strong security mechanisms deeply and broadly throughout networked infrastructures and client devices. One of the more successful concepts to engage the imaginations of the security community has been the development of standards-based security(69)that can be incorporated in the hardware design of client computers. The principle of encapsulating core security capabilities in(70)and integrating security provisions at the deepest levels of the machine operation has significant benefits for both users and those responsible for securing IT operations.
A．devices
B．transactions
C．communications
D．businesses
●Extreme Programming (XP) is a discipline ofsoftware development with__(71) of simplicity, communication, feedback and courage. Successful software development is a team effort - not just the development team, but the larger team consisting of customer, management and developers. XP is a simple process that brings these people together and helps them to succeed together. XP is aimed primarily at object-oriented projects using teams of a dozen or fewer programmers in one location. The principles of XP apply to any (72) project that needs to deliver quality software rapidly and flexibly.
An XP project needs a (73) customer to provide guidance. Customers, programmers, managers, are all working (74) to build the system that's needed. Customers - those who have software that needs to be developed - will learn simple, effective ways to (75)what they need, to be sure that they are getting what they need, and to steer the project to success.
(71)
A.importance
B.keys
C.roles
D.values
(72)
A. small-sized
B.moderately-sized
C. large-sized
D.huge-sized
(73)
A.part-time
B.casual
C.seldom
D.full-time
(74)
A.together
B.by themselves
C.separately
D.alone
(75)
A. tell
B.know
C.communicate
D.feedback
Yet, when one becomes rich, he wants people to know it.And even if he does not become very rich, he wants people to think that he is.That is what “keeping up with the Joneses” is about.It is the story of someone who tries to look as rich and as successful as his neighbors.
The expression was first used in 1913 by a young American by the name of Arthur Momand.He told this story about himself: he began earning $125 a week at the age of 23.That was a lot of money in those days.Young Momand was very proud of his riches.He got married and moved with his wife to a very wealthy neighborhood outside New York City.But just moving there was not enough.When he saw that rich people rode horses, Momand went horse riding every day.When he saw that rich people had servants, Momand and his wife also hired a servant and gave big parties for their new neighbors.
It was like a race, but one could never finish this race because one was always trying to keep up.Momand and his wife could not do that.
The race ended for them when they could no longer pay for their new way of life.They left their wealthy neighborhood and moved back to an apartment in New York City.
Momand looked around him and noticed that many people do things just to keep up with their neighbors.He saw the funny side of it and started to write a series of short stories.He called it “keeping up with the Joneses”, because “Jones” is a very common name in the United States.“Keeping up with the Joneses” came to mean keeping up with the people around you.Momand’s series appeared in different newspapers across the country for over 28 years.
Every city has an area where people want to live because others will think better of them if they do.And there are “Joneses” in every city of the world.But one must get tired of trying to keep up with the Joneses, because no matter what one does, Mr.Jones always seems to be ahead.
1.The writer of the selection believes ().
A.anyone in the United States can become rich
B.anyone in the United Sates can become rich if he works hard and has some good luck
C.he can become rich in the future
D.many people in the United States think anyone can become rich if he works hard and has some good luck
2.Some people want to keep up with the Joneses because ().
A.they want to be as rich as their neighbors
B.they want to be happy
C.they don’t want others to know they are rich
D.they want others to know or to think that they are rich
3.It can be inferred from the story that rich people ().
A.like to live in apartments
B.like to live in New York City
C.like to live outside New York City
D.like to have many neighbors
4.Arthur Momand used the name “Jones” in his series of short stories because Jones is ().
A.an important name
B.his neighbor’s name
C.a popular name in the United States
D.not a good name
5.According to the writer, it is ().
A.correct to keep up with the Joneses
B.interesting to keep up with the Joneses
C.impossible to keep up with the Joneses
D.good to keep up with the Joneses
Six Potential Brain Benefits of Bilingual Education
A) Brains，brains，brains. People are fascinated by brain research. And yet it can be hard to point to places where our education system is really making use of the latest neuroscience(神经科学) findings.But there is one happy link where research is meeting practice: bilingual(双语的)education.“In thelast 20 years or so，there's been a virtual explosion of research on bilingualism,”says Judith Kroll，aprofessor at the University of California，Riverside.
B)Again and again，researchers have found，“ bilingualism is an experience that shapes our brain for life,”in the words of Gigi Luk，an associate professor at Harvard's Graduate School of Education. Atthe same time，one of the hottest trends in public schooling is what's often called dual-language or two-way immersion programs.
C)Traditional programs for English-language learners，or ELLs，focus on assimilating students into
English as quickly as possible. Dual-language classrooms，by contrast，provide instruction acrosssubjects to both English natives and English learners，in both English and a target languagc. The goal isfunctional bilingualism and biliteracy for all students by middle school. New York City，NorthCarolina，Delaware，Utah，Oregon and Washington state are among the places expanding dual-language classrooms.
D)The trend flies in the face of some of the culture wars of two decades ago，when advocates insisted on “English first”education.Most famously，California passed Proposition 227 in 1998. It was intendedto sharply reduce the amount of time that English-language learners spent in bilingual settings.Proposition 58，passed by California voters on November 8，largely reversed that decision，paving theway for a huge expansion of bilingual education in the state that has the largest population of English-language learners.
E) Some of the insistence on English-first was founded on research produced decades ago，in which bilingual students underperformed monolingual(单语的)English speakers and had lower IQ scores.Today's scholars，like Ellen Bialystok at York University in Toronto，say that research was “deeplyflawed.”“Earlier research looked at socially disadvantaged groups,”agrees Antonella Sorace at theUniversity of Edinburgh in Scotland.“This has been completely contradicted by recent rescarch”thatcompares groups more similar to each other.
F) So what does recent research say about the potential benefits of bilingual education？ It turns out that, in many ways，the real trick to speaking two languages consists in managing not to speak one of thoselanguages at a given moment—which is fundamentally a feat of paying attention. Saying “Goodbye”tomom and then“Guten tag”to your teacher，or managing to ask for a crayola roja instead of a redcrayon(蜡笔)，requires skills called “inhibition”and“task switching.”These skills are subsets of anability called executive function.
G) People who speak two languages often outperform. monolinguals on general measures of executive function.“Bilinguals can pay focused attention without being distracted and also improve in the abilityto switch from one task to another,”says Sorace.
H) Do these same advantages benefit a child who begins learning a second language in kindergarten instead of as a baby？ We don't yet know.Patterns of language learning and language use are complex. ButGigi Luk at Harvard cites at least one brain-imaging study on adolescents that shows similar changes inbrain structure when compared with those who are bilingual from birth，even when they didn't beginpracticing a second language in earnest before late childhood.
l) Young children being raised bilingual have to follow social cues to figure out which language to use with which person and in what setting.As a result，says Sorace，bilingual children as young as age 3 havedemonstrated a head start on tests of perspective-taking and theory of mind—both of which arefundamental social and emotional skills.
J) About 10 percent of students in the Portland，Oregon public schools are assigned by lottery to dual-language classrooms that offer instruction in Spanish，Japanese or Mandarin，alongside English.Jennifer Steele at American University conducted a four-year，randomized trial and found that thesedual-language students outperformed their peers in English-reading skills by a full school-year's worthof learning by the end of middle school. Because the effects are found in reading，not in math orscience where there were few differences，Steele suggests that learning two languages makes studentsmore aware of how language works in general.
K) The research of Gigi Luk at Harvard offers a slightly different explanation. She has recently done a small study looking at a group of 100 fourth-graders in Massachusetts who had similar reading scores ona standard test，but very different language experiences.Some were foreign-language dominant andothers were English natives.Here's what's interesting.The students who were dominant in a foreignlanguage weren't yet comfortably bilingual;they were just starting to learn English.Therefore，bydefinition，they had a much weaker English vocabulary than the native speakers. Yet they were just asgood at interpreting a text.“This is very surprising,”Luk says.“ You would expect the readingcomprehension performance to mirror the vocabulary—it's a cornerstonc of comprehension.”
L) How did the foreign-language dominant speakers manage this feat？ Well，Luk found，they also scored higher on tests of executive functioning.So，even though they didn't have huge mental dictionaries todraw on，they may have been great puzzle-solvers，taking into account higher-level concepts such aswhether a single sentence made sense within an overall story line. They got to the same results as themonolinguals，by a different path.
M)American public school classrooms as a whole are becoming more segregated by race and class.Dual-language programs can be an exception.Because they are composed of native English speakersdeliberately placed together with recent immigrants，they tend to be more ethnically and economicallybalanced. And therc is some evidence that this helps kids of all backgrounds gain comfort withdiversity and different cultures.
N) Several of the researchers also pointed out that，in bilingual education，non-English-dominant students and their families tend to feel that their home language is heard and valued，compared with aclassroom where the home language is left at the door in favor of English. This can improve students'sense of belonging and increase parents’ involvement in their children's education，including behaviorslike reading to children.“Many parents fear their language is an obstacle，a problem，and if theyabandon it their child will integrate better,”says Antonella Sorace of the University of Edinburgh.“We tell them they're not doing their child a favor by giving up their language.”
O)One theme that was striking in speaking to all these researchers was just how strongly they advocated for dual-language classrooms.Thomas and Collier have advised many school systems on how to expandtheir dual-language programs，and Sorace runs“Bilingualism Matters,”an international network ofresearchers who promote bilingual education projects. This type of advocacy among scientists isunusual;even more so because the "bilingual advantage hypothesis”is being challenged once again.
P) Areview of studies published last year found that cognitive advantages failed to appear in 83 percent of published studics，though in a separate analysis，the sum of effects was still significantly positive.Onepotential explanation offered by the researchers is that advantages that are measurable in the veryyoung and very old tend to fade when testing young adults at the peak of their cognitive powers.And,they countered that no negative effects of bilingual education have been found. So，even if theadvantagcs are small，they are still worth it. Not to mention one obvious，outstanding fact:"Bilingualchildren can speak two languages!”
36. A study found that there are similar changes in brain structure between those who are bilingual from birth and those who start learning a second language later.
37. Unlike traditional monolingual programs，bilingual classrooms aim at developing students’ ability touse two languages by middle school.
38.A study showed that dual-language students did significantly better than their peers in reading Englishtcxts.
39.About twenty years ago，bilingual practice was strongly discouraged，especially in California.
40. Ethnically and economically balanced bilingual classrooms are found to be helpful for kids to get usedto social and cultural diversity.
41.Researchers now claim that earlier research on bilingual education was seriously flawed.
42. According to a researcher，dual-language experiences exert a lifelong influence on one's brain.
43. Advocates of bilingual education argued that it produces positive effects though they may be limited.44. Bilingual speakers often do better than monolinguals in completing certain tasks 41.
45. When their native language is used，parents can become more involved in their children's education.
