题目内容
（请给出正确答案）
In marine time chartering business, the charterer is responsible for costs such as ().
A.bunker
B.port charges
C.canal tolls
D.provisions
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Marine it's that time of year when you start thinking about taking a vacation.Part of the work involves choosing an ideal location while the hard part can be making travel arrangements. （26） While those methods may be your first thoughts, train travel is a wonderful option that sometimes gets overlooked.
In recent years, train travel has increased greatly. A 2010 poll said 62 percent of Americans would probably choose to travel by train. The group responsible for most of the increase in train travel is senior citizens.（27）
The first advantage of traveling by train is not having to worry about driving or the stresses of flying. Today, taking a plane can be quite annoying.（28） In addition, some aren't fond of heights and instead enjoy feeling safe on the ground.
The second advantage of train travel is it allows passengers to enjoy beautiful scenes during the fide. （29） What's more, people can enjoy drinks, food, movies, and games on the train.
（30） It may bring back wonderful memories to those who rode trains with their families as children. Overall, train travel is both comfortable and relaxing. It is a wonderful way of traveling for senior citizens.
A. You don't have to keep your eyes on the road.
B. And they choose trains for a number of reasons.
C. Traveling by train can be t/ring and time-consuming.
D. Finally, railroad travel can be a timeless option for seniors.
E. How are you going to get there perhaps by plane, car, or bus？
F. One needs to check in bags and be subject to various security measures.
These are some of the questions that are raised by the concept commonly called "superior orders", and its use as a defense in war crimes trials. It is an issue that must be as old as the laws of war themselves, and it emerged in legal guise over three centuries ago when, after the Stuart restoration in 1660, the commander of the guards at the trial and execution of Charles I was put on trial for treason and murder. The officer defended himself on the ground "that all I did was as a soldier, by the command of my superior officer whom I must obey or die," but the court gave him short shrift, saying that "When the command is traitorous, then the obedience to that command is also traitorous①."
Though not precisely articulated, the rule that is necessarily implied by this decision is that it is the soldier's duty to obey lawful orders, but that he may disobey—and indeed must, under some circum stances-unlawful orders. Such has been the law of the United States since the birth of the nation. In 1804, Chief Justice John Marshall declared that superior orders would justify a subordinate's conduct only "if not to perform. a prohibited act," and there are many other early decisions to the same effect.
A strikingly illustrative case occurred in the wake of that conflict which most Englishmen have never heard (although their troops burned the White House) and which we call the War of 1812. Our country was baldly split by that war too and, at a time when the United States Navy was not especially popular in New England, the ship-in-the-line Independence was lying in Boston Harbor. A passer-by directed abusive language at a marine standing guard on the ship, and the marine, Bevans by name, ran his bayonet through the man. Charged with murder, Bevans produced evidence that the marines on the Independence had been ordered to bayonet anyone showing them disrespect. The case was tried before Justice Joseph Story, next to Marshall, the leading judicial figure of those years, who charged that any such order as Bevans had invoked "would be illegal and void," and, if given and put into practice, both the superior and the subordinate would be guilty of murder②. In consequence, Bevans was convicted.
The order allegedly given to Bevans was pretty drastic, and Boston Harbor was not a battlefield; per haps it was not too much to expect the marine to realize that literal compliance might lead to bad trouble. But it is only too easy to conceive of circumstances where the matter might not be at all clear. Does the sub ordinate obey at peril that the order may later be ruled illegal, or is protected unless he has a good reason to doubt its validity？
It can be inferred from the first paragraph that if a soldier obeys his superior's order to burn a house or to kill a prisoner, ______.
A．he is fight according to moral standards
B．he should not receive any punishment
C．he should certainly be liable for his action
D．he will be convicted according to the law of war
The All Risks of marine cargo transportation insurance covers risks of()．
A．war and strike
B．general average
C．inherent vice of goods
D．stranding of ship
Marine B(s)/L perform. a number of functions, which of the following is not correct？ （）
A．evidence of the contract of carriage
B．receipt for the goods shipped
C．document of title to the goods
D．non-negotiable document
A．FPA
B．WPA
C．All Risks
D．War clause
