题目内容
（请给出正确答案）
A.marginal cost ＞ average cost = $16.67
B.marginal cost ＜ average cost = $16.67
C.$16.67 = marginal cost = average cost
D.$16.67 = marginal cost ＞ average cost
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A.get into
B.run into
C.get rid of
D.look out
A.sp
B.dwrr
C.wred
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If a firm enjoys economies of scale up to a certain output level, and cost then increases proportionately with output, what can you say about the shape of the long -run average cost curve？
(1)企业目前的产量为100单位，成本最小化的劳动和资本分别为20和5。在图上用等产量线和等成本线表示出来。
(2)企业想将产量扩大为140单位，如果资本在短期固定，需要多少劳动？在图形上表示出来，并计算企业新的成本。
(3)在图形上表示出企业在长期生产140单位产品的成本最小化劳动和资本投入。
(4)如果边际技术替代率为K/L,计算生产140单位产品的最优劳动和资本投入。
Suppose that a firm' s production is q= 10L1/2K1/2. The cost of a unit of labor is $ 20 and the cost of a unit of capital is $ 80. a The firm is currently production 100 unis of output and has determined that the cost - mini-mizing quantities of labor and capital are 20 and 5, respectively. Graphically illustrate this using isoquants and isocost lines.
b，The firm now wants to increase output to 140 units. If capital is fixed in the short run, how much labor will the firm require？ Illustrator this graphically and find the firms new total cost.
c. Graphically identify the cost - minimizing level of capital and labor in the long run if the firm wants to produce 140 units.
d. If the marginal rate of technical substitution is K/L, find the optimal level of capital and labor required to produce the 140 units of output.
一个地区有若干家商店销售某种品牌的真空吸尘器。
(1)假如所有销售商要价相同，他们的长期经济利润是否都等于零？
(2)假如所有销售商要价相同，但是一家当地销售商的商店经营场所为他自己拥有的房子，不必付租金，这个销售商的经济利润为正吗？
(3)不必付租金的这家销售商是否有激励去降低其销售价格？
A certain brand of vacuum cleaners can be purchased from several local stores as well as from several catalogue or website sources.
a If all sellers charge the same price for the vacuum cleaner, will they all earn zero economic profit in the long run？
b. If all sellers charge the same price and one local seller owns the building in which he does business, paying no rent, is this seller earning a position economic profit？
e. Does the seller who pays no rent have an incentive to lower the price he charges for the vacuum cleaner？
Essay 2 Transportation Decision
Transportation decision consists of the following parts:
1.Selection of the mode is determined by the consideration of distance,cargo weights,linkage,timing and other requirements.Generally speaking,rail has high fixed cost and the relatively low variable cost.It can move heavy,large quantity of cargo in the long distance.But,rail is disadvantaged because of the longer transit time and less frequent service than motor.
Motor carriers such as truck companies offer door-to-door service,that is,the cargo can be shipped from the shipper’s warehouse to theconsignee’s.Trucking fixed cost is the lowest of any carrier,because the equipment is fairly cheap and themotor carriers do not have to invest in the roads on which they run their operations.However,their variable costs are very high.Its expenses include two major components:firstly,the pick-up and delivery costs;secondly,there are gas or fuel costs,labor expenses and toll roads fees to be paid to highway and toll road operators.Therefore,motor transport is good for cargo with small quantity to be shipped within shortvdistances.
Water is the predominant choice of transportation as it has the capacity to take greatest quantity,travel longest distance with lowest cost.Transport by sea accounts for 80% of international trade.The major expenses for water are expenses associated with investment and maintenance of the ships and terminals.For example, a 100000- ton container ship costs US$ 200 million.Terminal associated costs include harbor fees and the cost for loading and unloading the goods.
Transport by air has the highest cost but it is fast with the lowest ratio of loss and damage. If you need to deliver an urgent order,there is little choice but by air.
2.Transport service provider is selected for its experiences,equipment,services and prices.Competitive in the transport industry usually drives the prices down and motivates for better services A company also chooses its transport service provider because of its long-standing business relationship with certain shipping companies.
3.The alternative routing and scheduling is specific for motor only because railway and water have strict route and timetable.
Motor has special advantage in terms of flexibility.It has the ability to load goods at greater frequency,travel through different routes and making deliveries to different locations.
Questions:
56.How is the transportation mode selected？ ()
A.By suppliers.
B.By customers.
C.By consideration of distance,weight,linkage and other requirements.
D.By government requirements.
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B.乐享RUN服务包含尊享RUNPlus服务
C.尊享RUNPlus服务包含乐享RUN服务
D.尊享RUNPlus服务包含尊享RUN服务
A.to run
B.run
C.runing
D.running
