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1)variable cost 2) CAF 3) stowage factor 4) tramp freight rate5) break bulk cargo 6) adjus
tment factors 7) const of service8) administrative cost
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更多“1)variable cost 2) CAF 3) stow…”相关的问题
假设厂商成本为C(q)=16+4q2。
(1)求出平均成本、固定成本、可变成本、平均可变成本和平均固定成本。(提示:边际成本为MC =8q。)
(2)在图上画出成本、边际成本和平均可变成本曲线。
(3)求出最小化平均成本的产出水平。
(4)当价格在哪一区间时厂商产量为正？
(5)当价格在哪一区间时厂商利润为负？
(6)当价格在哪一区间时厂商利润为正？
Suppose the same firm's cost function is C(q)=16+4q.
a. Find variable cost, fixed cost, average cost average variable cost. and average fixed cost.(Hint: Marginal cast is given by MC =8q. )
b. Show the average cost, marginal cost, and average variable cost curves on a graph.
c. Find the output that minimizes average cost.
d. At what range of prices will the firm produce a positive output？
f.At what range of prices will the firm earn a positive profit.
(1)假设某厂商的产量函数为q=9x1/2,在短期，固定成本为1000美元，x为可变投入，其成本为4000美元/单位。生产q单位产品的总成本为多少？[即求出总成本函数C(q)]
(2)写出供给曲线方程。
(3)如果价格为1000美元，厂商产量为多少？利润水平为多少？在成本曲线图上表示出你的结论。
a. Suppose that a firm's production function is q=9x1/2in the short nun, where there are fixed costs of $ 1000, and x is the variable input whose cost is S 4000 per unit. What is the total cost of producing a level o[ output q？ In other words, identify the total cost function C(q)？
b. Write down the equation for the supply curve.
e. If price is $ 1000, how many units will the firm produce？ What is the level of profit？ Illustrate your answer on a cost - curve graph.
Essay 2 Transportation Decision
1．Selection of the mode is determined by the consideration of distance'cargo weights， linkage，timing and other requirements．Generally speaking，rail has high fixed cost and the relatively low variable cost．
56．How is the transportation mode selected？()
A．By suppliers．
B．By customers．
C．By consideration of distance，weight，linkage and other requirements．
D．By government requirements．
A.fixed cost
B.variable cost
C.sunk cost
D.overhead cost
A、It can influence the price of its product
B、It produces such that marginal cost equals price
C、It can sell all it wants to at the prevailing market price
D、It produces a positive amount in the short run if it can recover variable costs
E、None of the above are incorrect
A、try to produce and sell that quantity of output at which marginal cost has risen to equality with price
B、try to produce and sell that quantity of output at which marginal cost is equal to average variable cost
C、try to produce and sell that quantity of output at which marginal cost has reached its minimum possible level
D、never let marginal cost reach equality with price, since this is the point at which profits become zero
E、keep marginal cost above price
Essay 2 Transportation Decision
Transportation decision consists of the following parts:
1.Selection of the mode is determined by the consideration of distance,cargo weights,linkage,timing and other requirements.Generally speaking,rail has high fixed cost and the relatively low variable cost.It can move heavy,large quantity of cargo in the long distance.But,rail is disadvantaged because of the longer transit time and less frequent service than motor.
Motor carriers such as truck companies offer door-to-door service,that is,the cargo can be shipped from the shipper’s warehouse to theconsignee’s.Trucking fixed cost is the lowest of any carrier,because the equipment is fairly cheap and themotor carriers do not have to invest in the roads on which they run their operations.However,their variable costs are very high.Its expenses include two major components:firstly,the pick-up and delivery costs;secondly,there are gas or fuel costs,labor expenses and toll roads fees to be paid to highway and toll road operators.Therefore,motor transport is good for cargo with small quantity to be shipped within shortvdistances.
Water is the predominant choice of transportation as it has the capacity to take greatest quantity,travel longest distance with lowest cost.Transport by sea accounts for 80% of international trade.The major expenses for water are expenses associated with investment and maintenance of the ships and terminals.For example, a 100000- ton container ship costs US$ 200 million.Terminal associated costs include harbor fees and the cost for loading and unloading the goods.
Transport by air has the highest cost but it is fast with the lowest ratio of loss and damage. If you need to deliver an urgent order,there is little choice but by air.
2.Transport service provider is selected for its experiences,equipment,services and prices.Competitive in the transport industry usually drives the prices down and motivates for better services A company also chooses its transport service provider because of its long-standing business relationship with certain shipping companies.
3.The alternative routing and scheduling is specific for motor only because railway and water have strict route and timetable.
Motor has special advantage in terms of flexibility.It has the ability to load goods at greater frequency,travel through different routes and making deliveries to different locations.
Questions:
56.How is the transportation mode selected？ ()
A.By suppliers.
B.By customers.
C.By consideration of distance,weight,linkage and other requirements.
D.By government requirements.
Production and sales from the new machine are expected to be 100,000 units per year. Each unit can be sold for $16 per unit and will incur variable costs of $11 per unit. Incremental fixed costs arising from the operation of the machine will be $160,000 per year.
Warden Co has an after-tax cost of capital of 11% which it uses as a discount rate in investment appraisal. The company pays profit tax one year in arrears at an annual rate of 30% per year. Capital allowances and inflation should be ignored.
Required:
(a) Calculate the net present value of investing in the new machine and advise whether the investment is financially acceptable. (7 marks)
(b) Calculate the internal rate of return of investing in the new machine and advise whether the investment is financially acceptable. (4 marks)
(c) (i) Explain briefly the meaning of the term ‘sensitivity analysis’ in the context of investment appraisal; (1 mark) (ii) Calculate the sensitivity of the investment in the new machine to a change in selling price and to a change in discount rate, and comment on your findings. (6 marks)
(d) Discuss the nature and causes of the problem of capital rationing in the context of investment appraisal, and explain how this problem can be overcome in reaching the optimal investment decision for a company. (7 marks)
一家家用电气产品销售公司在30个地区设有销售分公司。为研究产品彩电销售量(台)与该公司的销售价格(百元)、各地区的年人均收入(百元)、广告费用(百元)之间的关系，搜集到30个地区的有关数据。设彩电销售量为)y，公司的销售价格为x1、各地区的年人均收入为x2、广告费用为x3，利用Excel得到下面的回归结果：
相关矩阵
| y | x1 | x2 | x3 | |
| y | 1 | |||
| x1 | -0.46922 | 1 | ||
| x2 | 0.74095 | 0.07837 | 1 | |
| x3 | 0.87595 | -0.46880 | 0.60454 | 1 |
| 方差分析表 | |||||
| 变差来源 | df | SS | MS | F | Significance F |
| 回归 | 4008924.7 | 8.88341E-13 | |||
| 残差 | — | — | |||
| 总计 | 29 | 13458586.7 | — | — | — |
| 参数估计表 | ||||
| Coefficients | 标准误差 | t Stat | P-value | |
| Intercept | 7589.1025 | 2445.0213 | 3.1039 | 0.00457 |
| X Variable 1 | -117.886l | 31.8974 | -3.6958 | 0.00103 |
| X Variable 2 | 80.6107 | 14.7676 | 5.4586 | 0.00001 |
| X Variable 3 | 0.5012 | 0.1259 | 3.9814 | 0.00049 |
